USA. ENGLISH. Kawasaki Heavy Industries has succeeded in making hydrogen less expensive! The cost problem of hydrogen fuel seems to be solved, but it needs to be maintained at -253°C and has poor fuel efficiency. As an alternative, cars and motorcycles can instead be run by storing hydrogen in polyethylene tanks, extracting hydrogen from the water supply by electrolysis using battery power, and immediately exploding the hydrogen in a hydrogen engine to recharge the battery. Other candidates include cars that run on ammonia, which is a CO2-free fuel for modified diesel engines, and power plants that use ammonia fuel to turn gas turbines to generate electricity. Other research projects include plasma jet engines that do not require fuel. Translated with www.DeepL.com/Translator (free version)
As of October 24, 2022, the total cost of hydrogen fuel is 170 yen, but it is expected to be reduced to 30 yen by 2030. According to Kawasaki Heavy Industries' Youtube news, transportation costs can be reduced to around 2 yen per Nm3 if a large ship is used.
[Special feature] “Worldwide competition” over “hydrogen”! ? "Next-generation energy" where the development of power plants and carriers is progressing (2021/06/25)
Hydrogen fuel is five times more expensive when supplied at petrol stations. It has already been decided to stop power generation and EV vehicles worldwide, including Tesla Motors, because it is -253°C and poor fuel efficiency to maintain.
However, by electrolyzing water stored in a polyethylene tank with battery power and extracting hydrogen, the hydrogen is exploded in the hydrogen engine at that moment to charge the battery, and the bike can already run 500km on 1L of water. I have succeeded in running alone. It can also be applied to automobiles by enlarging or making multiple units of this device. In addition, there is also a plasma jet engine that does not require fuel. The basic theory of the plasma jet engine is to discharge the plasma created by electricity to oxygen while charging the battery from the above water. Now you can fly full size jumbo jets. Aon CEO Masahiro Ishizuka.
[Hydrogen cars are a waste of time! ? ]
I gave up on Tesla, Honda and Nissan!
The world is here and from the development of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
British MAHLE Powertrain announced on June 28, 2022 that it is proceeding with a project to replace the fuel used in heavy machinery engines from diesel with ammonia. We aim to develop technologies that use zero-carbon or low-carbon fuels in areas such as mining, mining, and construction. By developing a method that can be used as an alternative fuel to existing heavy equipment engines without major modifications, we will support the decarbonization efforts of industries that use heavy equipment.
"MAHLE Jet Ignition" that burns ammonia fuel at high speed instead of diesel
(Photo: MAHLE Powertrain)
[Click image to enlarge]
Heavy machinery and construction machinery consume a large amount of energy and are often used in environments away from power grids, making it difficult to electrify them. Therefore, searching for alternative fuels other than fossil fuels will lead to decarbonization.
Mahle is working with partners such as Clean Air Power and the University of Nottingham to replace diesel with ammonia in heavy-duty vehicle engines as part of a project funded by the UK's Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. We are working on technology development. Ammonia has a well-developed production and transportation infrastructure, and can be said to be an easy-to-use fuel in fields that cannot be handled by electric drives.
This study focuses on two approaches. One is a dual fuel system with a 6-cylinder turbo diesel engine. An injector will be retrofitted to the intake port of the existing engine, and ammonia will be introduced as the main fuel. I plan to test it soon.
The other approach is to use Mahle's own single-cylinder engine. Ammonia is ignited using a pre-chamber ignition method called "MAHLE Jet Ignition (MJI)" instead of conventional spark plugs. This eliminates the need for a fossil fuel ignition source.
MJI is a jet ignition method that ignites in a small chamber provided in the cylinder head, sends the generated hot gas into the main fuel chamber through a small hole, and ignites the remaining air-fuel mixture quickly and uniformly. As a result, fuel is efficiently combusted without generating harmful substances such as NOx. The improvement of combustion speed by MJI can solve the problem of engines that use ammonia, which burns slowly.
Ammonia as an "energy carrier" for transporting hydrogen as fuel for diesel engine vehicles? Attractive as next-generation energy. By mixing nitrogen gas, water, molybdenum catalyst, and samarium iodide, we succeeded in generating electricity by synthesizing ammonia without using electricity or emitting carbon dioxide! Hydrogen fuel has been withdrawn from PHEV electric vehicles and power generation. Instead, we started to consider ammonia fuel power generation as a carrier of hydrogen and as a fuel for existing diesel engines!
Abandon hydrogen fuel, next generation, ammonia power plant
■ Diesel engines use light oil, and gasoline engines use gasoline as fuel.
■ Gasoline engines are ignited by the spark of the plug, but diesel engines spontaneously ignite.
■ Diesel engines generally have a higher compression ratio
It depends on whether it ignites by itself or ignites with sparks
A diesel engine uses light oil, and a gasoline engine uses gasoline as fuel. Light oil should not be used in a light vehicle with a gasoline engine, and conversely, trouble will occur if gasoline fuel is used in a diesel engine. Perhaps due to the influence of the clean diesel movement, there have been many cases of incorrect fuel being put in, and recently there has been a lot of enlightenment activities.
So what is the difference between gasoline and diesel engines? Although there are various differences in size, the conclusion is that "engines with different designs according to the difference in fuel used" is an extremely obvious story. And in terms of mechanism, the gasoline engine ignites and burns the compressed air-fuel mixture (a mixture of atomized gasoline and air) with a spark plug, whereas the diesel engine compresses it. The basic difference is that by injecting fuel in the form of a mist into the air that has become hot, it ignites spontaneously.
In other words, gasoline engines have spark plugs, and diesel engines do not.
Diesel engines have a higher compression ratio (the ratio of the minimum volume to the maximum volume in the cylinder) compared to gasoline engines, because air is compressed in the cylinder to increase the temperature. On the other hand, in a gasoline engine, if the compression ratio is increased too much, the fuel self-ignites, so the compression ratio becomes lower.
However, like Mazda's SKYACTIV, there are cases where both gasoline and diesel engines have a compression ratio of 14.0, so it is not always possible to distinguish between them just by the difference in compression ratio. However, even in the case of SKYACTIV, it can be said that the results of obtaining "low compression ratio for a diesel engine" and "high compression ratio for a gasoline engine" have the same value.
*The photo is a cut model of Mazda's gasoline engine.
Diesel vehicles have good fuel efficiency but high CO2 emissions
In addition, both gasoline and diesel are liquid hydrocarbon fuels, but diesel has a higher calorific value and at the same time emits more carbon dioxide during combustion. In other words, when referring to the environmental impact based on carbon dioxide emissions, it cannot be judged only by fuel consumption based on the amount of fuel used, i.e. how many liters of fuel were used to drive the same distance. In terms of an image, if the diesel engine does not have about 10% better fuel efficiency than the gasoline engine, the carbon dioxide emissions will not be the same.
By the way, both gasoline and diesel engines have 2-stroke and 4-stroke, respectively, and turbo and NA also exist, so the presence or absence of spark plugs can be said to be the biggest distinguishing point.
There are also differences in emissions and treatment equipment to meet modern environmental performance needs. In terms of emissions, NOx (nitrogen oxides) and PM (particulate matter) in diesel engines are seen as problems, but in fact gasoline direct injection engines also have similar problems, and it can be said that there is no clear difference here.
Automobile manufacturers are researching a method called HCCI, in which gasoline fuel self-ignites. Once this technology is perfected, even gasoline engines will have high compression ratio engines without spark plugs. In that case, it seems that the difference between gasoline and diesel engines will become even more difficult in the future, just because the fuel used is different, but it seems that the birth of a full-range HCCI engine is still a long way off.
Skyactiv X is Mazda's new engine for production vehicles in 2019. This is the first engine in the world to mass-produce HCCI technology, which was developed by a global automaker but never reached mass production.
Skyactiv X is a gasoline engine, but the ignition mechanism is the same as a diesel engine. This engine combines the advantages of petrol and diesel engines.
If a gasoline engine can achieve a compression ratio of 18.0, which is comparable to that of a diesel engine, thermal efficiency will be greatly improved. However, in gasoline engines, high compression ratios are accompanied by the problem of knocking. So I had to think of a way to completely control the knocking.
Mazda takes a temporary approach to using spark plugs to control knocking. Complete HCCI is spontaneous ignition, but Sky Active X requires the use of spark plugs instead of complete HCCI. However, it differs from a gasoline engine in that when it explodes, the air-fuel mixture explodes like a diesel engine.
The feature of Skyactiv X is that it utilizes the merits of a diesel engine while using gasoline as fuel.
A next-generation engine that combines the advantages of the Skyactiv X diesel engine and gasoline engine. While taking advantage of the good blowing of a gasoline engine, you can achieve the low fuel consumption and high torque of a diesel engine.
comment:
As of August 27, 2022, I think that a dream engine will be required for a car engine that can run on any of gasoline, diesel, and ammonia.
Ammonia fuel that does not emit carbon dioxide just by mixing cheap materials at room temperature
We are in the process of experimenting with using ammonia as an alternative fuel in diesel engines. The basic design of the gasoline engine and diesel engine is the same, and there is also an engine like MAZDA's SKYACTIV with the same compression ratio of 14.0 for gasoline and diesel .
Ammonia fuel is increasingly used as an alternative to light oil for diesel or gasoline for gasoline engines, and it is ecological because carbon dioxide is not emitted even when ammonia fuel is exploded inside the engine.
Whether it's regular gasoline, high-octane fuel, or ammonia fuel, it's judged by AI, and you need an engine that can run stably on any fuel.
In addition, in order to use ammonia fuel in gasoline and diesel engines, it is expected that a system will be required that automatically injects and sprays the engine cleaning agent in a large tank and automatically cleans the spark plugs. increase.
---
---
---
A bike that runs 500km on 1L of water.
A motorcycle that can run 500km on 1L of water has been completed. The hydrogen is exploded with the power, and the battery is charged and the bike runs repeatedly. http://eedu.jp/blog/2015/09/13/brazil-motorbike-water/
I shared.
Run 500km with 1 liter of water! Brazilian inventor's bike looks futuristic
In the future, PlasmaJet engines will also fly full-size jumbo jets that require no fuel, tap water and a charged battery only at first, but I think they will also run cars and motorcycles.
![[I can't ask now] What is the difference between a diesel engine and a gasoline engine?](https://cdn-webcartop.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/d6f072b5f813f05787cfb9b6c32d8083-680x452.jpg)
0 件のコメント:
コメントを投稿