I shared it.
Why is Germany, which has shorter working hours, more productive than Japan? I generally agree with Matsuoka Daichi's answer .
I will give you a few examples.
In Germany, retail stores are closed on Sundays and public holidays (excluding restaurants). In recent years, there have been an increasing number of exceptions such as opening 24 hours a day at airports and central stations in big cities, stores in the vicinity, and souvenir shops in tourist areas, but there are few. Of course, there is no 24-hour convenience store. Suffice it to say, many gas stations are open 24 hours a day, and you can buy simple foods and miscellaneous goods, but there isn't as much as a convenience store.
For Germans, shopping is also a job, that is, a "working day" (Werkstag, which is called "weekday" in German) other than Sundays and holidays. I don't think there is an idea that it is natural for someone to work on holidays for someone to shop on holidays as in Japan.
As another example, let's say your washing machine or refrigerator broke. If it is a Sunday or a holiday, the store will not respond unless you wait until the next business day. Recently, depending on the manufacturer, even on Sundays and holidays, consultations such as breakdowns may be accepted. However, in Japan, the person in charge of repair will contact you within 24 hours from the reception, and I think that you will come to repair as soon as possible, but in Germany it is not so easy. In my experience, after the washing machine broke, a repair person came.
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Below are comments on the Space / Business Frontline topics ( Kenn Ejima's Law on Business Frontline has made Japan a "country that is too unproductive" | share of the domestic economy ).
My reasoning in this comment is that " Japanese SMEs (especially small and micro enterprises) do not intentionally make a profit, but Germany is different" is one of the major factors that no one actually says. is.
Labor productivity in the manufacturing sector is much higher in Germany than in Japan, but often hear of the German Middle stand with the small and medium-sized companies called is to pull the strong economy. So try a little studied [1] and
Although the definition of SMEs is different from that of Japan, the ratio of the number of employees of large companies and SMEs seems to be about the same.
However, the overwhelming difference (probably) is that the added value of micro enterprises and small enterprises is high and growing!
I was pinned by this. Below is my theory. 60% of Japanese SMEs (especially SMEs and micro enterprises) do not pay corporate tax . This is because there is a deduction for personal income rather than making a profit for the company, and it is tax-saving if you drop a lot at the company's expenses.
As you can imagine, Germany has a relatively high income tax, and corporate tax is low in developed countries (probably about 15%), so it is probably better to make the company profitable. Otherwise, it is unthinkable in Japan that the added value of micro enterprises is so high and growing. It seems that the low productivity that appears in Japanese fronts is also due to the fact that small and micro enterprises intentionally prevent them from making a profit. However, not only that, the export rate of German SMEs is close to 20%, while the export rate of Japanese SMEs is several percent. In any case, I think there is no mistake that SMEs should pay attention to.
footnote
What is one simple reason why Germany is so productive? How is it different from Japan?
More excerpts.
"According to the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), Germany's labor productivity as of 2015 was $ 65.5, about 55% higher than Japan's $ 42.1.
It is said that the reason why such high productivity is achieved is that the short working hours are large.
Similarly , looking at the average annual working hours by the OECD as of 2015 , Germany has 1371 hours , while Japan has 1719 hours, which is a big difference.
In Germany, working more than 10 hours a day is prohibited by law, and if it is discovered that it is exceeded, the manager of the department that had been working long hours will be fined from pocket money. It is an unimaginable thoroughness. 』\
End of reprint
Labor productivity is the added value per hour of labor, so the shorter the working hours for the same sales, the higher the labor productivity.
In other words, Germany's labor productivity is high because Germans have short working hours .
So why do we get the same results when we work short hours?
1. 1. No over-service
2. 2. There are strict restrictions on overtime and labor regulations such as prohibition of work on Sundays and public holidays.
3. 3. The side that provides the product / service and the side that receives the service are equal.
4. Not allowed to work with slapstick
5. Germans accept a life that is inconvenient for Japanese people
Such
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The biggest reason for the low productivity in Japan is the fact that it is open 24 hours a day and is open all year round. Even if you are in a relatively rural area, the store is open normally, and the delivery service will deliver it even on Sundays and holidays. In Germany, most stores close at night and it's harder to find a store or service that is open on Sundays.
Japan is pursuing convenience at the expense of productivity, and Germany is increasing productivity by enduring inconvenience.
postscript
https://www.jpc-net.jp/jamp/data/JAMP03.pdf
This material will also be added. Germany has an hourly labor productivity of $ 60. Japan is not so terrible as long as it is in the manufacturing industry. You can see that the terrible things are wholesale and retail, services, construction, transportation, and food and drink.
Germany is the Autobahn, and its transportation capacity is higher than that of Japan.
With the advancement of women into society, Merkel's sister was the top of the country, so it seems that improvement measures have been introduced into management not only from a male perspective but also from a female perspective.
I think the childcare allowance was also early
I analyze that the nation behind the pursuit of efficiency may be different from Japan.
Labor productivity is, in the end, the amount of production per unit time.
The longer the working hours, the lower the labor productivity.
If it takes 1 hour and 8 hours to add value of 10,000 yen, the latter is less productive.
In Japan, there are cases where time is devoted to work that does not generate profits, such as improving services and sontaku.
However, such things cannot be easily removed. I'm afraid that I can't sell it after removing it.
Focus on work during business hours.
A work system to improve efficiency is in place (do not hold unnecessary meetings).
I think this is the reason above.
In addition, since overtime pay is very high, it will be a painful expense for the manager to work overtime, so we are trying to improve efficiency by preparing the latest office equipment and work environment.
In Japan, by eliminating overtime pay, workers are in the mindset that "I can't do so many jobs without doing it easily, rather than trying hard and concentrating in a short time."
Management is also responsible for both workers. Of course, the responsibility of the management is much greater.
If you take the word honestly, if you are producing the same work results, the shorter the time you spend on it, the higher the "productivity" will be, so I honestly do not know what the title of the article is saying. That's right.
If I write it, I wonder why the output of work is equal to or higher than that of Japan even though the working hours are short, but it becomes unclear because I used the phrase "high labor productivity". I am.
The content of the article seems to be true, but it's a bit disappointing.
I've heard that the labor force of non-regular seasonal workers from Greece and the Middle East is not counted in government documents. Can anyone please tell me the exact thing?
Productivity is
It is defined by the ratio.
And, almost certainly, molecular production follows the law of diminishing returns .
Therefore, it is not surprising that shorter working hours in the denominator (whether it is good or not) are more productive.
In reality, I have never worked in Germany, so I can't make an accurate comparison ...
I think there are two major reasons.
One is the length of working hours.
If it is simply work-only productivity and production efficiency, I think that it is second to none in the world, but if it is time related to work including non-actual work, it will be a long time, and if you calculate it by working hours I think it will reduce productivity.
The second is
In the first place, I'm not trying to increase productivity alone.
Seriously trying to increase productivity alone can reduce the number of people employed.
As the direction of Japan, I don't want to raise the unemployed, so even if I raise the minimum wage, I will not raise the total labor cost. Even if the average income drops, the number of employees will increase. A slight reduction in productivity does not reduce the number of employees.
Since the whole is such a stance, if we compare only labor productivity, the result may be lower than that of Germany.
I think this is because how much results you can achieve in a short period of time is directly linked to your life.
It is strange that Japan has a system where you can get money just by being there.
Probably, because of high labor productivity, working hours are short, and the cause and effect are opposite. Then it's a normal causal relationship.
I don't think anything needs to be difficult.
In short, I think that "price", "tax" and "wage" are all high . In addition, the "exchange rate" is also high .
I think that standing in a way of thinking and stance like Germany is a condition for becoming a developed country. The way of thinking is the opposite of Japan.
Because the manager is incompetent or ignorant?
Anyway, most Japanese companies and shops are in a state where they cannot find added value.
You should stop selling good things cheaply, stop the world that is too convenient, and sell things that add value to the inconvenience at a reasonable price.
Like freelancers, they are oversold cheaply.
This answer was helpful. Agree.
Probably because, as stated in the original article, there are only the minimum necessary things.
Isn't it because the subordinates who are ordered to make materials for the boss's meeting do not make materials that are not referenced all night long or hold a round-table meeting?
No wasted meetings, quick decisions, no overtime?
Isn't it because it is efficient? When
It's speculation.
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