https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/1c3352ded8c03174ad712beb9858ce435d995ebd
https://news.yahoo.co.jp/articles/1c3352ded8c03174ad712beb9858ce435d995ebd
Thursday, 1/4 11:51
The Yomiuri Shimbun Online
The third quantum computer in development in Japan
The first time I went to the beach, I was in the middle of the night, and I had to go to the beach to get my hair done. It is the first such machine to be installed in the Kansai region and can be used via the Internet by companies and others conducting joint research, but its practical application is said to be more than 10 years away. We asked about the current status and issues at Osaka University. (Kazushi Murakami)
Next-generation "quantum computer," with supercomputer's extraordinary computing power, will be put into operation in the latter half of the 2030s.
In November last year, the installation of the quantum chip, the "core" of the supercomputer's computational functionality, was opened to the public in the research building at the Toyonaka Campus (Toyonaka City, Osaka Prefecture), where Unit 3 is located. About 400 people, including junior and senior high school students and their families, visited the event. A 17-year-old male high school sophomore from Uji City, Kyoto Prefecture, said, "I didn't know that the most advanced computer was also in Osaka. I feel closer to them.
Quantum Computers are not the conventional "0" or "1
Quantum computers differ greatly from conventional computers in that they make use of the special properties of extremely small substances such as atoms and electrons, known as quantum, to perform calculations. What does that mean?
Conventional computers represent and calculate all data as a combination of "0" or "1" signals. A quantum computer, on the other hand, uses the phenomenon of "superposition," in which data is both 0 and 1.
To create this phenomenon, it is necessary to cool the chip to near absolute zero (minus 273.15 degrees Celsius) to create a state of "superconductivity," which eliminates electrical resistance.
Kansai's first installation; about 40 institutions to use it for research
About 40 organizations, including companies participating in joint research, can use Unit 3 on the "cloud," and calculation results are sent back to them when they give instructions via the Internet.
The first quantum computer manufactured by U.S.-based IBM will be installed in Kawasaki City in 2021. RIKEN and Fujitsu developed the first domestic quantum computer in Wako, Saitama Prefecture, in March last year, and the second in October of the same year. 23 is the first year of domestic production, with a series of quantum computers going into operation.
Quantum computers excel at calculations such as finding the best pattern out of countless patterns. Quantum computers have the potential to dramatically improve drug discovery, artificial intelligence (AI) development, financial forecasting, and traffic congestion reduction.
Expected to be used to speed up calculations and in the financial field.
Currently, however, there are many computational errors: the first three units are all 64 qubits, and Osaka University says that at least 10,000 qubits are needed to control the errors. Some say that if the technology is put into practical use, part of the conventional encryption system will be broken and the fear of data leakage will increase. It is believed that accurate and secure use of the technology will not be possible until the late 1930s.
However, Osaka University, which has its sights set on practical applications, is also conducting research on how to apply the technology.
Koichi Miyamoto, a specially-appointed associate professor of quantum computing, is exploring applications in the financial sector. Securities firms and banks use conventional computers to evaluate financial derivatives. If quantum computers can speed up calculations, it may be possible to avoid risk before losses occur. The world's major financial institutions are also paying attention to quantum computers, and competition will eventually increase," said Miyamoto.
Seeking Collaboration with Conventional Computers
Wataru Mizukami, associate professor of quantum computational materials science, believes that quantum computers can be used to develop catalysts to promote chemical reactions in the synthesis of hydrogen and ammonia, which are attracting attention as next-generation energy sources. The quantum computer is effective in research to replace catalysts with more efficient and environmentally friendly ones," he explains.
In order to hasten practical application, RIKEN announced last November that it would begin research to establish a system that links a quantum computer with a conventional supercomputer. Mizukami emphasizes, "For more advanced and complex calculations, it is important to utilize the strengths of each computer. They are also developing software to enable the linkage.
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