https://www.nomura.co.jp/el_borde/article/0023/
Comments.
Ammonia gas turbine engines are superior to hydrogen engines and
In addition, water and battery electricity can be used to create plasma, and the plasma and oxygen can be used to create a plasma jet engine.
It might be better to use water and battery electricity to make plasma, and then use the plasma and oxygen to run a plasma jet engine to fly a full size jumbo jet or drive a car.
That way a full-size jumbo jet could fly.
Ammonia gas turbine engines are superior to hydrogen engines, and
Ammonia can be made without electricity by simply mixing cheap materials at room temperature.
No carbon dioxide is produced during the mixing process.
No carbon dioxide is produced when the ammonia gas turbine engine is operated.
No carbon dioxide is produced.
Masahiro Ishizuka, Representative Director of Aon Corporation
Aon President Masahiro Ishizuka.
Hydrogen cars are a waste of time! Honda and Nissan have given up!
The only reason why the world is leaving hydrogen fuel cell vehicle development here at once.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Rs6Qq9DBWc
HUMIDITY
Ammonia power plant
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E7%99%BA%E9%9B%BB%E6%89%80
Explanation of ammonia power generation, a hot topic at COP.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R06LNGSeZ1s
Ammonia power plants
The trump card for decarbonization! The Future of Ammonia Power Generation [Biz Square].
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=at8JHc0gC5k
Biz Square
2022.01.27
#Technology#SDGs#Sustainable
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Decarbonization]Ammonia as a fuel? An image of its attractiveness as a next generation energy source
To protect our future from global warming, decarbonization (carbon neutrality) has become a global movement. Electricity, a major point of contention, currently accounts for about 75% of power generation in Japan, and thermal power generation accounts for about 75% of power generation in Japan. While various alternative methods are being considered, including nuclear, solar, and wind power, "ammonia" is attracting attention as a next-generation energy source, and demonstration projects have begun.
Although ammonia has a strong image of being "smelly" and "toxic," according to the government's target, 10% of Japan's electricity resources will be supplied by hydrogen and ammonia by 2050. In this article, we will introduce the reasons why ammonia is attracting attention and its appeal as a next-generation energy source.
Ammonia is already being used in a variety of applications
Before looking at the background of the attention ammonia is attracting for decarbonization, let us review what kind of substance it is.
Ammonia is a colorless gas at room temperature with a strong pungent odor. We usually see ammonia dissolved in water in pharmacies and other stores, where it is used as an antipruritic agent for insect bites, for cleaning, and for other purposes.
The main use is fertilizer, with about 80% of ammonia consumed as fertilizer worldwide. The remaining approximately 20% is used as a raw material for industrial applications, such as melamine resin and the synthetic fiber nylon. As the world's population continues to grow, the importance of ammonia used as a fertilizer for agricultural products is expected to continue to increase. Ammonia is an indispensable substance in our daily lives.
The Attractiveness of Ammonia as a Next-Generation Energy Source
Carbon neutrality is the concept of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), to essentially plus or minus zero. 125 countries and 1 region, including Japan, are aiming to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 as of April 2021. Since it is difficult to cover all electricity from renewable energy sources, Japan aims to cover about 50-60% of its electricity generation from renewable energy sources by 2050, with the rest coming from thermal, nuclear, hydrogen, and ammonia-derived sources.
As multiple methods are simultaneously being explored to reach this looming goal in a few decades, let's take a look at the appeal of ammonia as a next-generation energy source.
(1) Use as an "energy carrier" for transporting hydrogen
Hydrogen, which is attracting attention as a next-generation energy source like ammonia, does not emit CO₂ when burned, but it is flammable and can explode. Hydrogen can also be liquefied and transported, but this is difficult to handle because it tends to vaporize during transportation.
Therefore, ammonia is expected to serve as an energy carrier for transporting and storing hydrogen. Since ammonia is compact and easy to transport, hydrogen is reacted with nitrogen, transported and stored as ammonia, and hydrogen is extracted and used as needed. In addition, ammonia is already being used in a variety of applications, and the technology to safely transport it is well established. The ability to utilize existing infrastructure is also a major attraction.
(2) No CO₂ emissions during combustion
Ammonia, which is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen, is a carbon-free fuel that does not emit CO₂ during combustion because it contains no carbon. Although "exclusive combustion," in which ammonia alone is used as an energy source to generate electricity, is ideal, CO₂ emissions can also be reduced by "mixed combustion," in which ammonia is mixed with coal-fired thermal power generation.
In Japan, a government-led roadmap for the introduction of ammonia as a fuel is under study (Fig. 1), and a demonstration project to co-fire 20% of ammonia with coal-fired power generation has been adopted for 2021. The project is moving toward its goals, including the establishment of co-firing technology.
Figure 1: Perspectives and Roadmap for the Introduction and Expansion of Fuel Ammonia
Source: Compiled by editorial department based on the "Interim Report of the Public-Private Consultative Meeting on the Introduction of Fuel Ammonia," Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry.
If all coal-fired power plants owned by major electric power companies in Japan could achieve 20% ammonia co-firing, CO₂ emissions could be reduced by approximately 40 million tons per year. Furthermore, it is estimated that if all coal-fired power plants were to become ammonia-only, the reduction would be approximately 200 million tons per year (Figure 2).
If a 20% ammonia co-firing technology is established, CO2 emissions from the power sector will be reduced by about 10% from the current level. The introduction of ammonia as a fuel will have a great impact.
Figure 2: CO₂ Emission Reduction Expected from Fuel Ammonia
Source: Compiled by the editorial department based on the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry's "Interim Report of the Public-Private Council for the Introduction of Fuel Ammonia" and the Kinki Chugoku Forest Management Bureau website.
1 Estimated based on the case of mixed/concentrated burning in all coal-fired power generation owned by major electric power companies in Japan.
2 Japan's CO₂ emissions are approximately 12 million tons, of which approximately 4 million tons are from the power sector.
3 One person emits about 320 kg of carbon dioxide per year when breathing.
(3) Power generation cost is lower than that of hydrogen
Compared to hydrogen, ammonia's low power generation cost is another attractive feature. According to data from the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the cost per kWh of electricity generated by hydrogen alone is 97.3 yen (estimated as of 2020), while the cost of electricity generated by ammonia alone is 23.5 yen (estimated as of 2018). The cost of generating electricity from ammonia is about one-quarter that of hydrogen (Figure 3).
1 kWh: the amount of electricity used when 1,000 W of electricity is used for one hour.
Figure 3: Comparison of hydrogen and ammonia power generation costs
Hydrogen power generation (estimate as of 2020) Ammonia power generation (estimate as of 2018)
Generation cost of dedicated combustion 97.3 yen/kWh 23.5 yen/kWh
Source: Compiled by editorial department based on the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry's "Interim Report of the Public-Private Council for the Introduction of Fuel Ammonia.
Green ammonia and blue ammonia, which is more earth-friendly?
Ammonia does not emit CO₂ during combustion, but the generation of CO₂ in the manufacturing process has been a major issue. This is because the hydrogen needed to synthesize ammonia is currently mainly derived from fossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.
Therefore, in order to reduce CO₂ emissions during the manufacturing process, ammonia that has come to be manufactured using new methods are "green ammonia" and "blue ammonia. Let's take a look at the characteristics of each.
Green ammonia
Hydrogen, which is necessary for the synthesis of ammonia, is produced by electrolyzing water. The electricity required for this process is generated by renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass power generation, so no CO₂ is emitted in the manufacturing process.
Blue Ammonia
The hydrogen needed to synthesize ammonia is produced from fossil fuels such as natural gas. However, CO₂ emissions are reduced through technologies such as CCS, which captures the CO₂ generated there and stores it deep underground.
Figure 4: Classification of Ammonia and Production Process
Figure 4: Classification of ammonia and image of the manufacturing process
Green ammonia, which emits no CO₂ during production and combustion, is an ideal energy source for decarbonization. Currently, the global market for green ammonia is expected to grow, and various companies are working to establish green ammonia production and supply chains. The drive toward decarbonization has the potential to change the infrastructure base, as exemplified by the shift to EVs in automobiles. We should keep abreast of new information, both domestically and internationally, as it affects our lives and businesses.
Comment:.
There is a third way to scientifically synthesize ammonia by simply mixing cheap materials at room temperature.
Mixing nitrogen gas, water, molybdenum catalyst, and samarium iodide by hand, you can successfully synthesize ammonia and generate electricity without using electricity and without emitting carbon dioxide! This makes it possible to abolish and eliminate all nuclear power plants.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gpP3g4BPbQ
https://www.facebook.com/masahiro.ishizuka.54/videos/761409691860808
https://www.linkedin.com/embed/feed/update/urn:li:ugcPost:6964676549996421120
https://neovisionconsulting.blogspot.com/2019/08/blog-post_82.html
I'm not sure how to explain it, but I'm sure you can.
https://xtech.nikkei.com/atcl/nxt/news/18/13258/
MAHLE is researching the decarbonization of existing heavy equipment engines with ammonia fuel
By Saeko Kushitani, Nikkei Automotive Writer
July 07, 2022
PR
MAHLE Powertrain announced on June 28, 2022, that it is working on a project to replace diesel with ammonia as the fuel used in heavy machinery engines. The project aims to develop technologies to use zero-carbon or low-carbon fuels in the mining, extraction, and construction industries. The project will support decarbonization efforts in industries that use heavy equipment by developing alternative fuels that can be used without significant changes to existing heavy equipment engines.
MAHLE Jet Ignition, which burns ammonia fuel at high speed instead of diesel.
(Photo: MAHLE Powertrain)
[Click on image to enlarge].
Electrification of heavy machinery and construction equipment has been difficult because they use a large amount of energy and are often used in environments far from the power grid. Therefore, exploring alternative fuels other than fossil fuels is the key to decarbonization.
As part of a project funded by the UK Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, MAHLE is working with partners such as Clean Air Power and the University of Nottingham to develop technology to replace diesel with ammonia in heavy vehicle engines Ammonia is a key component in the production and transportation of diesel. Ammonia is an accessible fuel in areas where the production and transportation infrastructure is well developed and cannot be addressed by electric drive.
This research will focus on two approaches: one is a dual-fuel system for six-cylinder turbo diesel engines. Injectors will be retrofitted to the intake of the existing engine and ammonia will be introduced as the primary fuel. The system will be tested in the near future.
The other approach is to use MAHLE's proprietary single-cylinder engine. Instead of a conventional spark plug, a pre-chamber ignition system called MAHLE Jet Ignition (MJI) technology is used to ignite the ammonia. This eliminates the need for a fossil fuel ignition source.
MJI is a jet ignition system that ignites in a small chamber in the cylinder head, sends the hot gases generated through a small hole into the main fuel chamber, and quickly and evenly ignites the remaining fuel mixture. The improved combustion speed achieved by MJI can solve the problem of engines using ammonia, which burns at a slower rate, according to the company.
The MJI system can be used to power a motorcycle that can run 500 km on 1 liter of water.
Motorcycle that runs 500 km on 1 liter of water.
We have completed a motorcycle that can run 500 km on 1L of water. The hydrogen in the motorcycle is not frozen, but is stored in a polyethylene tank with water from the water supply, and the moment hydrogen is created by electrolysis of electricity in the battery, the hydrogen engine explodes the hydrogen, and the battery is repeatedly charged by the power of the hydrogen explosion. The bike runs on hydrogen.
http://eedu.jp/blog/2015/09/13/brazil-motorbike-water/
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Running 500 kilometers on a liter of water! Brazilian inventor's bike is futuristic
Brazil 49
Environment and ecology36
Screenshot 2015-07-27 23.45.08
Ricardo, from Sao Paulo, Brazil, recently became a hot topic on the Internet.
To his surprise, he has invented a motorcycle that can travel 500 kilometers on one liter of water!
An environmentally friendly bike at last!
Let's take a look at the shocking video right away.
Youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mc3M6NS_4x4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1zrh3AvajRw
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1Z50DwB9EhI9I22zRMWGsPmHyC1Slxbhx/view?usp=sharing
sastruts
https://www.facebook.com/masahiro.ishizuka.54/videos/3939142916117551
https://www.linkedin.com/embed/feed/update/urn:li:ugcPost:6959428672906821632
FC2
https://video.fc2.com/content/202101306FG43UYP
The "Engine of Dreams" Runs on Water, Air and Electricity Alone! Plasma jet engine is ready!
https://www.facebook.com/masahiro.ishizuka.54/videos/3996881273677048
https://www.linkedin.com/embed/feed/update/urn:li:ugcPost:6959429655200243712
FC2
https://video.fc2.com/content/20210221FYJXMM6P
Hydrogen fueled ships.
Hydrogen-fueled ships.
Youtube
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E7%87%83%E6%96%99%E3%81%A7%E9%81%8B%E8%88%AA%E3%81%99%E3%82%8B%E8%88%B9
https://www.facebook.com/masahiro.ishizuka.54/videos/1203332970401446
https://www.linkedin.com/embed/feed/update/urn:li:ugcPost:6964686102834139136
https://video.fc2.com/content/20220815gsUpbKYh
https://share.buzzvideo.com/al/NFQTFfex
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